Bundle of Rights dalam Konflik Agraria Masyarakat Adat Malin Deman
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Erwin Basrin
Herawan Sauni
Emilia Kontesa
Bdikar Anumtiko Ling Kricas
Persoalan pertanahan di Indonesia merupakan arena kontestasi antara paradigma modal dengan hak konstitusional masyarakat adat. Penelitian ini menganalisis konflik agraria di Kecamatan Malin Deman, Kabupaten Mukomuko, antara Masyarakat Adat Pekal dengan PT Bumi Bina Sejahtera (BBS) dan PT Daria Dharma Pratama (DDP). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-empiris dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara mendalam terhadap 12 informan dari empat klaster, studi dokumen hukum, dan observasi lapangan langsung atas objek sengketa, yang dilaksanakan pada periode Januari 2024 hingga Maret 2025. Kerangka teori bundle of rights dan pluralisme hukum kritis digunakan sebagai pisau analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) PT BBS menelantarkan lebih dari 80% lahan HGU seluas 1.889 hektare, sehingga menghancurkan justifikasi konstitusional atas pemberian hak tersebut; (2) klaim PT DDP atas lahan cacat prosedural karena akuisisi korporasi bukan merupakan pemindahtanganan hak agraria yang sah menurut hukum nasional; (3) kriminalisasi 40 petani PPPBS dan gugatan perdata Rp3 miliar merupakan praktik Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (SLAPP) yang dirancang untuk mematikan resistensi masyarakat; serta (4) ketiadaan Peraturan Daerah tentang pengakuan masyarakat hukum adat di Kabupaten Mukomuko secara struktural mencabut legal standing komunitas Pekal dalam forum hukum formal. Implikasi kebijakan penelitian ini mendesak penegakan PP No. 20/2021 tentang tanah terlantar, penerbitan Perda pengakuan masyarakat adat, dan pemrosesan usulan TORA seluas 603 hektare sebagai koreksi konstitusional atas distorsi agraria historis.
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