Bundle of Rights dalam Konflik Agraria Masyarakat Adat Malin Deman
Main Article Content
Erwin Basrin
Herawan Sauni
Emilia Kontesa
Bdikar Anumtiko Ling Kricas
Persoalan pertanahan di Indonesia merupakan arena kontestasi antara paradigma modal dengan hak konstitusional masyarakat adat. Penelitian ini menganalisis konflik agraria di Kecamatan Malin Deman, Kabupaten Mukomuko, antara Masyarakat Adat Pekal dengan PT Bumi Bina Sejahtera (BBS) dan PT Daria Dharma Pratama (DDP). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-empiris dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara mendalam terhadap 12 informan dari empat klaster, studi dokumen hukum, dan observasi lapangan langsung atas objek sengketa, yang dilaksanakan pada periode Januari 2024 hingga Maret 2025. Kerangka teori bundle of rights dan pluralisme hukum kritis digunakan sebagai pisau analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) PT BBS menelantarkan lebih dari 80% lahan HGU seluas 1.889 hektare, sehingga menghancurkan justifikasi konstitusional atas pemberian hak tersebut; (2) klaim PT DDP atas lahan cacat prosedural karena akuisisi korporasi bukan merupakan pemindahtanganan hak agraria yang sah menurut hukum nasional; (3) kriminalisasi 40 petani PPPBS dan gugatan perdata Rp3 miliar merupakan praktik Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (SLAPP) yang dirancang untuk mematikan resistensi masyarakat; serta (4) ketiadaan Peraturan Daerah tentang pengakuan masyarakat hukum adat di Kabupaten Mukomuko secara struktural mencabut legal standing komunitas Pekal dalam forum hukum formal. Implikasi kebijakan penelitian ini mendesak penegakan PP No. 20/2021 tentang tanah terlantar, penerbitan Perda pengakuan masyarakat adat, dan pemrosesan usulan TORA seluas 603 hektare sebagai koreksi konstitusional atas distorsi agraria historis.
Adler, P. A., & Adler, P. (1994). Observational techniques.
Alston, P., & Quinn, G. (1987). The nature and scope of states parties' obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Human Rights Quarterly, 9(2), 156–229.
Anaya, S. J. (2004). Indigenous peoples in international law (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Anggito, A., & Setiawan, J. (2018). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. CV Jejak.
Basrin, E. (2023). Malin Deman dalam Pusaran Konflik Agraria. Deepublish..
Bedner, A. (2010). Autonomy of law in Indonesia. Erasmus Law Review, 3(3), 119–133.
Bedner, A., & Van Huis, S. (2008). The return of the natives in Indonesian law: Indigenous communities in Indonesian legislation. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 164(2–3), 165–193. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003647
Braithwaite, J. (2002). Restorative justice and responsive regulation. Oxford University Press.
Bromley, D. W. (1991). Environment and economy: Property rights and public policy. Blackwell.
Burns, P. (2004). The Leiden legacy: Concepts of law in Indonesia. KITLV Press.
Canan, P., & Pring, G. W. (1988). Strategic lawsuits against public participation. Social Problems, 35(5), 506–519. https://doi.org/10.2307/800584
Cotula, L. (2007). Legal empowerment for local resource control: Securing local resource rights within foreign investment projects in Africa. IIED.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
Daly, K. (2002). Restorative justice: The real story. Punishment & Society, 4(1), 55–79.
Denzin, N. K. (1978). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Dressler, J. (2012). Understanding criminal law (6th ed.). LexisNexis.
Fitzpatrick, D. (2005). 'Best practice' options for the legal recognition of customary tenure. Development and Change, 36(3), 449–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0012-155X.2005.00419.x
Fletcher, G. P. (1978). Rethinking criminal law. Little, Brown and Company.
Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. Pantheon Books.
Friedman, L. M. (1975). The legal system: A social science perspective. Russell Sage Foundation.
Fuller, L. L. (1964). The morality of law. Yale University Press.
Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace, and peace research. Journal of Peace Research, 6(3), 167–191.
Griffiths, J. (1986). What is legal pluralism? Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 18(24), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.1986.10756387
Hadjon, P. M. (2011). Hukum administrasi dan tindak pidana korupsi. Gadjah Mada University Press.
Harsono, B. (2008). Hukum agraria Indonesia: Sejarah pembentukan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, isi dan pelaksanaannya (Edisi Revisi). Djambatan.
Hirschl, R. (2008). The judicialization of mega-politics and the rise of political courts. Annual Review of Political Science, 11, 93–118.
Kennedy, D. (2006). The dark sides of virtue: Reassessing international humanitarianism. Princeton University Press.
Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing (2nd ed.). Sage.
Li, T. M. (2016). The will to improve: Perencanaan, kekuasaan, dan pembangunan di Indonesia. Marjin Kiri.
Mahfud MD, M. (2010). Politik hukum di Indonesia (Edisi Revisi). RajaGrafindo Persada.
Meinzen-Dick, R., & Pradhan, R. (2002). Legal pluralism and dynamic property rights. CAPRi Working Paper No. 22. CGIAR.
Merry, S. E. (1988). Legal pluralism. Law & Society Review, 22(5), 869–896. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053638
Mertokusumo, S. (2009). Hukum dan politik agraria. Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Press.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage.
Moeljatno. (2008). Asas-asas hukum pidana (Edisi Revisi). Rineka Cipta.
Moleong, L. J. (2017). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif (Edisi Revisi). Remaja Rosdakarya.
Nowak, M. (2005). U.N. covenant on civil and political rights: CCPR commentary (2nd ed.). N. P. Engel.
Nozick, R. (1974). Anarchy, state, and utopia. Basic Books.
Peluso, N. L. (1992). Rich forests, poor people: Resource control and resistance in Java. University of California Press.
Peluso, N. L., & Lund, C. (2011). New frontiers of land control: Introduction. Journal of Peasant Studies, 38(4), 667–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2011.607692
Perangin, E. (1994). Hukum agraria di Indonesia: Suatu telaah dari sudut pandang praktisi hukum. RajaGrafindo Persada.
Pitlo, A., & Reehuis, W. H. M. (2012). Het Nederlands burgerlijk recht: Goederenrecht (13e druk). Kluwer.
Poulantzas, N. (1978). State, power, socialism. New Left Books.
Pound, R. (1922). An introduction to the philosophy of law. Yale University Press.
Pring, G. W., & Canan, P. (1996). SLAPPs: Getting sued for speaking out. Temple University Press.
Rachman, N. F. (2017). Masyarakat adat dan perjuangan tanah airnya. Sajogyo Institute.
Radin, M. J. (1982). Property and personhood. Stanford Law Review, 34(5), 957–1015. https://doi.org/10.2307/1228541
Rawls, J. (1999). A theory of justice (Revised ed.). Harvard University Press.
Ridwan HR. (2016). Hukum administrasi negara (Edisi Revisi). RajaGrafindo Persada.
Ruggie, J. (2011). Guiding principles on business and human rights: Implementing the United Nations 'protect, respect and remedy' framework. United Nations.
Safitri, M. A. (2010). Forest tenure in Indonesia: The socio-legal challenges of securing communities' rights. Dissertation, Leiden University.
Santoso, U. (2012). Hukum agraria: Kajian komprehensif. Kencana.
Schaffmeister, D., Keijzer, N., & Sutorius, E. (2011). Hukum pidana (Edisi Terjemahan). Citra Aditya Bakti.
Schlager, E., & Ostrom, E. (1992). Property-rights regimes and natural resources: A conceptual analysis. Land Economics, 68(3), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.2307/3146375
Scott, J. C. (1998). Seeing like a state: How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. Yale University Press.
Shohibuddin, M. (2016). Peluang dan tantangan undang-undang desa dalam upaya demokratisasi tata kelola sumber daya alam desa. Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi, 21(1), 1–33.
Shue, H. (1980). Basic rights: Subsistence, affluence, and U.S. foreign policy. Princeton University Press.
Sieder, R., Schjolden, L., & Angell, A. (Eds.). (2005). The judicialization of politics in Latin America. Palgrave Macmillan.
Stigler, G. J. (1971). The theory of economic regulation. The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 2(1), 3–21.
Sutedi, A. (2009). Peralihan hak atas tanah dan pendaftarannya. Sinar Grafika.
Tjondronegoro, S. M. P., & Wiradi, G. (Eds.). (1992). Dua abad penguasaan tanah: Pola penguasaan tanah pertanian di Jawa dari masa ke masa. Gramedia.
Unger, R. M. (1983). The critical legal studies movement. Harvard Law Review, 96(3), 561–675. https://doi.org/10.2307/1340701
United Nations. (1990). Basic principles on the use of force and firearms by law enforcement officials. Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime.
Van Ness, D., & Strong, K. H. (2010). Restoring justice: An introduction to restorative justice (4th ed.). Anderson Publishing.
Vandergeest, P., & Peluso, N. L. (1995). Territorialization and state power in Thailand. Theory and Society, 24(3), 385–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00993352
von Benda-Beckmann, F., von Benda-Beckmann, K., & Wiber, M. G. (Eds.). (2009). Changing properties of property. Berghahn Books.
Wiradi, G. (2009). Reforma agraria: Perjalanan yang belum berakhir. INSIST Press & KPA.
Zehr, H. (2002). The little book of restorative justice. Good Books.






